英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:一般將來(lái)時(shí) Future Simple: Will vs Going To vs Shall
● Will and Going To are commonly used to talk about the future. However, Going To is preferred in spoken English (where it is often pronounced gonna and Will is preferred in formal written English.
● Will、Going To均可用來(lái)談?wù)搶?lái)。Going To (gonna) 在口語(yǔ)中比較常用，Will則在正式得書(shū)面語(yǔ)中比較常用。
★ Andy will/Andy is going to meet us in the restaurant at 8 P.M.
★ 安迪將于晚上8點(diǎn)在餐廳與我們見(jiàn)面。
★ Will you/Are you going to come back this evening?
★ 你今天晚上會(huì)回來(lái)么？
★ I think it will/it is going to be foggy tomorrow.
★ 我認(rèn)為明天有霧。
● We use Going To rather than Will when we predict that something will happen in the future because we have some evidence for it now. It may be that we predict an event that is just about to happen on the basis of something that we feel, see, etc. or because we have been told that it will happen.
● 預(yù)測(cè)有跡象發(fā)生某事，或根據(jù)所感所見(jiàn)或者是因?yàn)楸桓嬷呈录磳l(fā)生，用Going To。
★ Listen to the loud crash of thunder. It’s going to rain.
★ 聽(tīng)那震耳得雷聲，天就要下雨了。
★ I wouldn’t walk across that old bridge if I were you. It looks like it is going to collapse.
★ 如果我是你，我就不會(huì)穿過(guò)那座老橋。那座橋看起來(lái)要塌了。
★ I don’t feel well. I think I’m going to throw up.
★ 我感覺(jué)不舒服，我想我要吐了。
★ I think it’s going to rain. I just felt some drops.
★ 我覺(jué)得要下雨了，剛感覺(jué)有雨滴落下。
★ Did you know that Andy and Cathy are going to get married?
★ 你知道安迪和凱茜要結(jié)婚了么？
● However, if we make a prediction based on our opinion or our past experience, we use Will.
● 主觀臆測(cè)或根據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)認(rèn)為某事會(huì)發(fā)生，用Will。
★ Why not come over at the weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you again.
★ 為什么不周末過(guò)來(lái)呢？再次見(jiàn)到你，孩子們會(huì)很開(kāi)心得。
★ I imagine the stadium will be full for the match on Saturday.
★ 我想周六得比賽體育場(chǎng)會(huì)爆滿。
★ Next year, more people will enter the competition as the prize money increases.
★ 明年會(huì)有更多得人來(lái)參賽，因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)金提高了。
● When we talk about intentions or decisions about the future that were made some time before we speak, we prefer Going To.
● 事先計(jì)劃或事先決定做某事，傾向于使用Going To。
★ They’re going to get married next year.
★ 他們明年就要結(jié)婚了。
★ Cathy is going to retire before she reaches 60. She mentioned it at the meeting recently.
★ 凱西要在60歲之前退休，她最近在一次會(huì)議上提到過(guò)此事。
★ I’m going to accept the job offer.
★ 我打算接受這份工作。
★ Andy told me that he is going to move back to Spain.
★ 安迪告訴我他要搬回西班牙。
● However, in a formal style, we use Will rather than Going To to talk about future events that have been previously arranged in some detail.
● 但是，在正式文體中，表示事先對(duì)將要發(fā)生得事情進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)得安排，用Will而非Going To。
★ The meeting will begin at 10 am.
★ 會(huì)議將于上午十點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。
★ Coffee will be available from 9:30 onwards.
★ 咖啡9:30開(kāi)始供應(yīng)。
★ Closed over the New Year period. We will re-open on 15th January.
★ 新年期間暫停營(yíng)業(yè)，我們將于1月15日重新?tīng)I(yíng)業(yè)。
● When we state a decision made at the moment of speaking, we prefer Will.
● 表示突然得決定，用Will。
★ I’m thirsty. I think I will buy a drink.
★ 我渴了。我想我要買(mǎi)一杯飲料來(lái)喝。
★ Is that the phone? Don’t worry. I’ll get it.
★ 是電話響了么？別擔(dān)心，我來(lái)接。
● We can use Will or Going To with little difference in meaning in the main clause of an if-sentence when we say that something is conditional on something else: something will happen if something else will happen first:
● 在if引導(dǎo)得條件句中，表示某事發(fā)生得條件是另一件事先行發(fā)生，主句中用Will 或 Going To，意思并不差別。
★ If we go on like this, we will/we are going to lose all our money.
★ 如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去，我們將失去所有得錢(qián)。
★ If we don’t leave now, we will/we are going to miss the train.
★ 如果我們現(xiàn)在還不出發(fā)，我們將趕不上火車(chē)。
★ If you stand in the rain a little longer, you will/you are going to catch cold.
★如果你在雨中再站一會(huì)，你就會(huì)得感冒。
● However, we use Will, not Going To, when we describe a future event that follows another. Often, IF has a meaning similar to WHEN in this kind of sentence.
● 但是，當(dāng)表示未來(lái)得某件事情伴隨著另一件事情發(fā)生，用Will而非Going To。通常，句中IF得含義與WHEN相似。
★ If you look carefully, you will find writing scratches on the glass.
★ 如果你仔細(xì)觀察，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)玻璃上有文字劃痕。
★ If you move to your left, you will be able to see the church.
★ 如果你向左走，就能看到教堂。
★ If you want to leave this afternoon, I will drive you to the station.
★ 如若你想今天下午就走，我可以開(kāi)車(chē)送你去車(chē)站。
● We can use Shall or Shan’t in statements about the future with I and WE, although it is more common to use Will or Won’t.
● 將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I和WE時(shí)，可用Shall或Shan't，但Will或Won't更常用。
★ When I retire, I shall/will have more time for my painting.
★ 等我退休后，我將有更多得時(shí)間來(lái)畫(huà)畫(huà)。
★ The stronger we are, the more we shall/will be able to help others.
★ 我們?cè)绞菑?qiáng)大，就越有能力幫助別他人。
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